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Manipur is one of the states in India. It is located in the North-Eastern side with Imphal as its capital. The meaning of the word Manipur is ‘Jewel of India’ which is given by First Prime Minister Late Shri Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. The state has attained the state hood in 1972 with a Legislative assembly of 60 seats.

Geographical Area

Manipur has the geographical area of 22, 300 square kilometers. It is located at an height of 790 meter. In the north of Manipur lies Nagaland, Mizoram to the south, Assam to the west, and the east is bordered by the boundary of Burma. It is surrounded by the high mountain ranges all around. The Barak River is the largest river in Manipur, originated in the Manipur hills. This state has is surrounded with greenery and oval shaped valley. Manipur is consisted of beautiful climatic condition.

All about Manipur in the past

Manipur is the royal chronicle or Cheitharol Kumbaba, founded in 1st century AD. The Kingdom of Manipur was formed by joining the ten clans under Ningthouja clan. The state has historical importance. Manipur has become the trade route between Myanmar and India in World War II.
Manipur was also the place of trade routes between India and Myanmar during World War II. The place served as the area for battle between Allied Forces and Japan. As per the Manipur Constitution, the democratic form of government established in Manipur and Maharaja was appointed as the Head of

Ancient Times

The earliest ruler of Manipur dated back to Tang. The 14th century of generation ruler of the Qi tribe is occupied with the central part of the China, who founded the Tang-Shang dynasty later. Later came Tangja Leela Pakhangba-his son and Kangba his grandson ruled over Manipur. Kangba ruled the Manipur from 1405 BC to 1359 BC.

Climate of the State

Manipur has a clean and beautiful climate. The state consisted of various seasons-Winter and Monsoon. Winter season starts from December and ends in February. The Pre-Monsoon season takes place in the months of March and April and monsoon season falls in May to September. The post monsoon season takes place in October and November.

Geographical Information about Manipur

Weather and Rainfall takes place throughout the year. The state consisted of tropical and temperate climate. The rainfall varies from 1000mm-3500mm and the average rainfall 1500mm. Maximum temperature in summers is 32 degree Celsius. The temperature of the area reaches from sub-zero to 36 degree Celsius. In winter season, Manipur becomes cold. Region also experiences snowfall in winters.

Forests

More than 50% land of Manipur is covered with forest. The pine forest and wet forests are in the state. People can find more than 500 types of orchids can in Manipur. The single terrestrial lily is also grown in the region named ‘Siroi Lily’

Fauna

Manipur consisted of a huge variety of animals such as Ukhrul, the Sloe Loris, the Hoolock Gibbon, Mrs. Hume's Barbacked Pheasant, Blyths Tragopan, the Clauded Leopard, the Spotted Linshang, Burmese Pea-Fowl, and four species of Hornbills. Manipur also have Dancing Deer.

Quick Facts about Manipur

Check the facts about the state mentioned below:

• Very Dense Forest: 820 square kilometer
• Moderately Dense Forest: 6,818 square kilometer
• Open Forest: 10,681 square kilometer
• State Geographic Area: 77%
• Country's Forest Cover: 3 %
• Altitude: 790mtrs.above MSL
• Latitude: 23.830N to 25.680N
• Longitude: 93.030E to 94.780E
• Average Rainfall: 1467.5mm
• Schedule Tribes: 33 (Recongised by Government)
• National Highways: 3
• Number of trees per hectare: 13.5%
• Tree Cover Area: 136 Square Kilometer

Barak River

Barak River is an important river in Manipur. It is the legendary river with some parts of Surma-Meghna River System. Some of the major tributaries of this river includes Jiri, Dhaleshwari, the Madhura, the Sonai, the Rukni, the Singla, the Longai, and the Katakhal. This river is originated from the Manipur hill territory, near Mao Songsang. There are hill stream such as Gumti, Kagni, Howrah, Senai Buri and Durduria.

Economy

The state is also known as ‘Switzerland of the East’. The activities related to Agriculture are the backbone of state’s economy. Check the list of activities involved in increasing the economy growth of Manipur:  

• Weaving and Pisciculture:

  Weaving and Pisciculture are the important source for livelihood. Other than this, handicraft is also an important source of income for people which enhance the growth of the state. The valley produces cash crop and  handloom as well. Women weavers are largest to find in Manipur.

• Flora and Fauna:

  Manipur has a rich flora and fauna. There is vivid animal and plant life. Orchids grow in state with more than 500 varieties. The Siroy Lily grows on the Siroy hills. The species of Fauna includes hoolock gibbon, slow loris, spotted linshang, hornbills, Sangai found in Manipur.

• Minerals:

  The state has various minerals such as limestone, asbestos, chromite, nickel, lignite, copper, and salt. The state has emblem consisted of bird and animal of the state. The State emblem is Kangla Sha, state bird is Nongin and the State Animal is Sangai.

• Agriculture:

  Agriculture is the main source of living for people in Manipur. The people are also engaged in handloom and cottage industry as well. Polo game is originated in Manipur. Polo is also known as Pulu or Sagol Kangjei in Manipur. Amongst dances, Manipur dance is very famous. Ras Lila is one of the dances created in Manipur. The state has rich culture and tradition. People also enjoy state’s dance and art forms.

The state also produces paddy, wheat, maize, pulses, oilseeds such as mustard, groundnut, soybeans, sunflower, ginger, turmeric and fruits like pineapple, lime/lemon, banana, orange, papaya, plum and vegetables like, cauliflower, cabbage, tomato, peas, carrot, pumpkin. Manipur has a long list of festivities. People celebrate different types of festivals in Manipur by different tribes such as Aimol Tribe, Gangte Tribe, Maram tribe, Anal Tribe, Chiru Tribe, and Hmar tribe.

List of Cities in Manipur

The following is the list of cities in Manipur-

• Bishnupur
• Chandel
• Churachandpur
• Imphal East
• Imphal West
• Jiribam
• Kakching
• Kamjong
• Kangpokpi
• Noney
• Pherzawl
• Senapati
• Tamenglong
• Tengnoupal
• Thoubal
• Ukhrul